Bible Studies

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We will finish this verse-by-verse study of Isaiah chapters 24-27 here in Part 6 with a verse-by-verse study of Isaiah 59:19-21 and Romans 11:25-27.

ISAIAH 59:19-21 AND ROMANS 11:25-27.

The apostle Paul's "quotation" in Rom. 11:26, 27 comes from a combination of Isa. 59:20, 21a and 27:9. His "quotation" follows the Septuagint (with one notable exception that will be pointed out below), which is somewhat different than the Hebrew of these verses. "Quotations" in the ancient world, unlike the exact quotations of our day, were often quite loose.

Isaiah 59:19-21. "So they will fear the name of the LORD [Yahweh] from the west And His glory from the rising of the sun [that is, from the east; cf., e.g., Mal. 1:11; in other words, worldwide], For He will come like a rushing stream Which the wind [This Hebrew noun ("ruach") could also be translated breath, or Spirit.] of the LORD [Yahweh] drives. [[The ones who will fear the name of Yahweh and His glory are the remnant of the nations left after His end-time judgment of the world (cf., e.g., Isa. 24:13-16a). (On the name Yahweh, see my paper, "The Name Yahweh and God the Father and God the Son" on this Christian article site.) These verses (including Isa. 59:15b-18) put some emphasis on God's judging the nations (which will work for the good of Israel), but it is clear (even if it isn't clearly mentioned in these verses) that God's judgment will fall on Israel too, leaving a humble, repentant remnant of the nation. (Many prophecies show that God will judge and leave a remnant of Israel before He judges and leaves a remnant of the nations.) Those who worship God must have a proper fear of Him (and of His name). The words "He will come like a rushing stream Which the wind [breath, Spirit] of the LORD [Yahweh] drives" picture God's judging the world with awesome power. His "rushing stream" will sweep away all opposition to Him and to His truth and righteousness.]] (20) 'A Redeemer [God (very much including God the Son) is the Redeemer of Israel. Here the "Redeemer" could be limited to the Lord Jesus Christ. ] will come to [or, for] Zion ["Zion" here is another name for Jerusalem/Israel. The Lord will come to/for the humbled, repentant remnant of Zion/Israel.], And to [or, for] those who turn from transgression in Jacob [another name for Israel (Jacob's name was changed to Israel)],' declares the LORD [Yahweh]. ["Those who turn from transgression in Jacob" speaks of the humbled, repentant remnant of Israel that will be left after God's end-time shaking of Israel that will start with the abomination of desolation; see above under Isa. 27:12, and see above under the subsection "Isaiah 10:20-23 and Romans 9:27-29."] (21) [[There is some discontinuity between the rest of Isaiah chapter 59 and verse 21 (the last verse of the chapter) in that the rest of Isaiah is poetry in the Hebrew but verse 21 is prose. (The NASB, NIV, and NKJV demonstrate this difference in the formats they use.)]] 'As for Me, this is My covenant with them,' says the LORD [Yahweh]: 'My Spirit which is upon you [You], and My words which I have put in your [Your] mouth shall not depart from your [Your] mouth, nor from the mouth of your [Your] offspring, nor from the mouth of your [Your] offspring's offspring,' says the LORD [Yahweh], 'from now on and forever.' [[I prefer the viewpoint that the words of verse 21 are addressed to the Messiah, God the Son (A few commentators take this viewpoint), but they could be addressed to the saved end-time remnant of Israel. If Messiah is addressed we would put the words "You" and "Your" in capital letters. (I had a footnote: The Hebrew behind this "You" is masculine singular, as is the Hebrew behind the four uses of the word "your [Your]" in this verse. This masculine singular obviously fits the Messiah, but it can also be used for Israel.)

Quite often in the book of Isaiah, words are addressed to the Messiah ((cf. Isa. 8:8; 42:6-9; 48:16; 49:3, 5-10; 51:16 [[I had a lengthy footnote dealing with this verse: "And I have put My words into your [Your] mouth and have covered you [You] with the shadow of My hand [cf. Isa. 49:2], to establish the heavens, to found the earth, and to say to Zion, 'You are My people' " (Isa. 51:16). This translation (of the NASB) fits the idea that God the Father is speaking to God the Son (as in Isa. 8:8; 42:6-9; 49:3, 5-10; 59:21; and 63:2). Quite a few commentators adopt this viewpoint regarding Isa. 51:16, including, Fausset, Jennings, Motyer, Oswalt, and Young. The apparent meaning is that God the Son (through whom all things were created [e.g., John 1:1-3]) will also be the One through whom the new heavens and new earth (e.g., Isa. 66:22; Rev. 21:1) will be created, and He will be the Savior of Zion/Israel. The last words of Isa. 51:16 ("to say to Zion, You are My people," since the Messiah is One who is going "to say to Zion, You are My people") help confirm that this verse was not addressed to the people of Israel. The translations of the KJV, NKJV, and NIV differ from that of the NASB, which I quoted here.]]; and Isa. 63:2)).

He is the Servant of God, Immanuel, born of a virgin (Isa. 7:14; Matt. 1:23), who is deity with the Father (e.g., Isa. 9:6, 7), and who will come to judge the world (e.g., Isa. 9:4, 5; 11:1-10). Also, Christ certainly is the primary one who has the Spirit upon Him (cf., e.g., Isa. 11:2; 42:1 ["Behold, My Servant, whom I uphold; My chosen one in whom My soul delights. I have put My Spirit upon Him; He will bring forth justice to the nations."]; 48:16; 61:1 [with Luke 4:18]; Matt. 3:16, 17; Mark 1:10, 11; Luke 3:21, 22; John 1:29-34; and 3:34). The very names "Messiah" [from the Hebrew] and "Christ" [from the Greek] mean The Anointed One. And He is the primary one who has God's word in His mouth (cf., e.g., Deut. 18:18; Isa. 51:16 [discussed above under Isa. 59:19-21]; and John 3:34 [discussed in my paper on John 1:19-4:54 on my internet site]). (On God the Father and God the Son, see my papers titled, "The Name Yahweh and God the Father and God the Son

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