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Human Chromosomes And Genes: It’s Impact In Child Development
©2015
by
Stephen A. Peterson
The chromosomes and genes are the sources to hereditary traits among humankind influencing physical and behavioral development. The chromosomes are microscopic, string-like bodies located in the sex cells of females and males. There are 24 chromosomes in both genders sex cells. When the female cell is fertilized by the male cell, the chromosomes unite totaling 48 chromosomes in all.
Lined up on the chromosomes are thousands of very small units known as genes. Each gene is a carrier of a single trait mental and physical trait. Genes appear in more or less chance formation within the chromosomes, and subsequently passed down from generation to generation. So that no one passes a geometric increase in the number chromosomes at the point of fertilization, sex cells go through a process of chromosomal reduction from 48 to 24 referred to as meiosis. Fertilized cells become 48 and continue to reproduce this same number of chromosomes per cells by a process known as mitosis.
It is important to comprehend that no one is able to control which genes will be passed on to their child. Geneticists have been working for nearly a century, and with some success, to manipulate and influence genetic outcomes in humans and other plant and animal species. This is referred as eugenics. Eugenics Y is a social philosophy advocating the improvement of human genetic traits through the promotion of higher reproduction of people with desired traits (positive eugenics), reduced reproduction of people with less-desired or undesired traits (negative eugenics), and to study and manipulate genes to obtain desired outcomes. Such a philosophy and scientific approach has engendered a great deal of debate regarding the ethical and moral implication of its utilization among human populations.
Genetic traits are known either as dominant or recessive. Dominant traits means they will appear in every generation unless altered genetic change. Recessive traits means they will appear at varying times often skipping several generation before they re-appear. All dominant traits (DD) are called homozygous dominant. Mixed dominant-recessive traits (Dd) are called heterozygous dominant. All recessive traits (dd) are called homozygous recessive. A common belief is dominant genes carry beneficial traits and recessive genes carry abnormal traits. This is simply not the case. The following is a list of a few of the effects of dominant-recessive genes among humanity:
Dominant Genetic Traits Recessive Genetic Traits
1. Dwarfism
2. High Blood Pressure
3. Migraine Headaches
4. Large eyes
5. Mongoloid eye folds (epicanthic)
6. Short stature
7. Tone deafness
Recessive Genetic Traits
1. Tall Stature
2. Blue or gray eyes
3. Thin lips
4. Little body hair
5. No baldness
6. Narrow nose
7. Normal vision
In essence, what parents give their children are their past that has an appreciationable affect upon their children’s physical, mental and behavioral beings.
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